Discussion On Environmental Problems Attached To Leather Products -- Volatile Compounds

Discussion about the Environmental Issues in Leather Gasket Ware-Volatile Compounds

(the project is the science and technology planning project of the AQSIQ, Project No.: 2008QK290).

Abstract: This paper mainly expounds the problem of volatile compounds (VOCs) in leather products.

The four aspects of origin, species and harm, regulations and testing methods were explained, and the importance of volatile compounds in leather products was pointed out.

Key word:

Abstract: the residual volatile compounds about environmental issues in leather gasket, in, "the", "the", "the", "the", "the".

Keywords: leather gasket ware; volatile compounds; detection method

Leather products are all or main parts made of leather and of practical value.

1 the source of volatile compounds coming from leather products.

The volatile compounds attached to leather products are inseparable from their production processes.

The use of leather products is different, and the technology used is also complex and diverse.

But in the production of leather products, it is inevitable to use more toxic organic solvents (such as toluene, two methyl formamide), a large number of Liming agents (organic amine) [2], leather degreasing agents (petroleum ether, trichloroethylene, dichloromethane, toluene, etc.) [3], soaking AIDS (such as fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether) [4], preservatives and fungicides (alcohols, organic amines) [5], pickling AIDS [6], surfactant [7], etc. most of these auxiliaries are organic compounds, which makes the probability of remaining organic compounds in leather products greatly increased.

Although most of the reagents will be removed during leather finishing, there are still a few residues in leather products. This is also the main cause of the stench of the leather products produced.

Therefore, manufacturers must constantly study new production processes and new environmental agents to replace the mentioned substances or improve the finishing technology, in order to fundamentally make leather products ecological and environmental protection.

2 types and hazards of volatile compounds in leather products

In the process of leather production, various auxiliaries and functional reagents need to be added to improve the quality of leather products and increase the ancillary value, which makes the kinds of substances remaining in leather products complex and the probability of the existence of harmful substances.

The types of compounds that may be released during the use of leather products due to light and heat are mainly [8-10], including aromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, esters, alkenes, alkanes, fatty acids, alcohols, amines, ketones, amides, halogenated hydrocarbons.

These substances can cause immune disorders, affect the central nervous system function, appear dizziness, headache, lethargy, weakness, chest tightness and other symptoms, may also affect the digestive system, lack of appetite, nausea, and so on, which is very harmful to people's health. In addition, the organic solvents N, N- methformamide used in leather production process cause poisoning [11] by respiratory tract or skin action in digestive system, reproductive system, immune system and kidney, and organs, and some volatile substances will be exposed to ultraviolet radiation when they are volatilized into the air, and then there will be chemical reactions to produce toxic substances.

3 regulations on the prevention of volatile compounds in leather products

The content of volatile compounds in leather products is an important link in evaluating the quality of leather products.

Many relevant laws and regulations at home and abroad have put forward requirements for them.

　　GB/T18883—2002 《室内空气质量标准》对空气质量参数(包含挥发性化合物含量)做出了限定;GB 21902—2008《合成革与人造革工业污染物排放标准》标准规定了合成革和人造革企业水和大气污染物排放限值，检测和监控要求等，并对苯、二甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺等挥发性物质做出了限定;国家环境保护标准HJ 507-2009《环境标志产品技术要求 皮革和合成革》按产品最终用途将合成革和皮革分为婴幼儿用品、直接接触皮肤用品、非直接接触皮肤用品三大类，对挥发性化合物的限量是≤100 mg/kg;DB50/144.2—2010《汽车内饰材料技术规范 第2部分：人造革》标准对人造革中的挥发性化合物的含量的限量是≤50 μgC/g;中华人民共和国出入境检验检疫行业标准SN/T 2191-2008《进出口皮革皮毛产品安全技术规程》，规定进出口皮革皮毛产品异味的要求为≤3级(异味主要是试剂残留引起的);德国

The "air pollution control technology guide" stipulates pollutants such as cyclohexanone, N, N- two methyl formamide, toluene and xylene are less than 11mg/m3; and ISO 16000-6 (2004) "Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor indoor" the standard of "indoor air pollutants" has been clearly stipulated in the standard.

The above standards and related regulations have made the volatile compounds in leather products the focus of attention.

Determination of volatile compounds in 4 leather products {page_break}

The method for determining volatile compounds in leather products is basically the same as the volatile compounds in the indoor air environment, mainly including headspace chromatography, purge and trap method and thermal desorption method.

In order to achieve the gas-liquid equilibrium in the two phases, the quantitative gas is directly injected into the sample, and the latter is kept directly in the headspace bottle for a long time, so that the residual solvent can reach the gas solid equilibrium in the two phases, and the gas is determined quantitatively. The purging and catching method is to purge the sample in the purge pipe, purge the sample into the adsorption tube by directly blowing the carrier gas, and to carry out the enrichment by high temperature desorption direct gas phase or GC-MS. Headspace chromatography is divided into two types: liquid headspace and solid headspace. The former is to dissolve the sample in the appropriate solvent and put it in the empty bottle for a long time.

　　HJ 507—2009《环境标志产品技术要求 皮革和合成革》标准中对挥发性化合物的测试采用的是气固顶空法、气相质谱联用仪进行测试，测定低限为0.5 mg/kg;HJ/T 400—2007《车内挥发性有机物和醛酮类物质采样测定方法》中介绍了采用热脱附/毛细管气相色谱/质谱连用法测定挥发性化合物的方法，原理是用填充有固相吸附剂的采样管采集一定体积的空气样品，将样品中的挥发性有机组分捕集在采样管中，采用干燥的惰性气体吹扫采样管后经二级脱附进入毛细管气相色谱质谱联用仪，进行定性定量分析，对单一挥发性有机组分的方法检出下限为1.5μg/m3;挥发性化合物还可以用采样袋-热脱附-气相色谱质谱法(Bag-TDS-GC-MS)和高效液相色谱法测定，前者是把较大的样品直接放在采样袋中密封，加热使样品中的挥发性化合物逸出，再通过采样器采集采样袋中的气体，进气相色谱-质谱

The latter is mainly used for the determination of aldehydes and ketones.

5 Conclusion

Leather products are important export products in China. Their quality and environmental protection indicators directly affect China's export trade.

At present, various environmental regulations abroad have been issued and the targets are becoming more and more stringent. This makes it necessary to pay attention to the problem of volatile compounds in leather products and eliminate harmful volatile compounds.

The use of harmless solvents and environment-friendly leather auxiliaries to produce, process and modify leather products is a way to make leather products do not affect the environment and health, and achieve the standard of eco leather products. It can solve the problem of smooth export and selling of leather products, and also open up a new world for the development of leather products in China.

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